Comparative study of the primary cilia in thyrocytes of adult mammals.

Since their discovery in different human tissues by Zimmermann in 1898, primary cilia have been found in most types of cells in vertebrates. Primary cilia are considered cellular antenna that occupies an ideal location for interpretation cellular good information from the Cavia Clia Kits environment and from other cells. Until now, in the thyroid glands of mammals, primary cilia have been found in human and dog thyrocytes (fetal and adult) and a mouse embryo.

This study investigated whether the presence of these organelles in the cell follicle is a common event in the postnatal mammalian thyroid gland is different, using both immunolabeling by immunofluorescence and electron microscopy. In addition, we aim to analyze the presence of primary cilia in various thyroid cell lines. According to our results, the primary cilia are present in adult thyroid gland most mammalian species we studied (humans, pigs, guinea pigs and rabbits), usually as a single copy per cell follicles. Strikingly, they are not found in mouse or rat thyroid tissue. 

Similarly, the cilia are also observed in all human thyroid cell lines tested, both the follicle cells of normal and neoplastic, but not in thyrocytes cultured rat origin. We hypothesize that primary cilia could be involved in the regulation of normal thyroid function through a specific signaling pathway. However, further research is needed to explain this organelle immortality in the thyroid glands of most species during postnatal life.

Here, we systematically marked differences in the structural and expressional of genes CLCA3 all mammal species, revealing the spectrum of gene duplication, for example, in mice and cattle, and the silencing of genes through a variety of chromosomal modifications in pigs and many primates, including humans. Instead, the protein expression of the canonical CLCA3 single functional gene seems evolutionary retained in carnivores, rabbits, guinea pigs, and horses. 

As a model of asthma received, we chose a cat to build networks and cellular expression patterns CLCA3 protein that is found mainly in the cells of mucin-producing Chicken Clia Kits respiratory tract and in the stratified epithelium of the esophagus. Our results showed that, among the differences in the development of other CLCA genes, gene diversity CLCA3 dynamics of evolution are very high with important consequences for humans and other primates seem to lack the protein CLCA3. 

Our data also helps explain the conflicting results obtained from the previous CLCA3 different species and warrant caution in extrapolating data from animal models in conditions where CLCA3 may be involved.